JeDEM Department for E-Governance and Administration, University for Continuing Education Krems Text Wissenschaftlicher Artikel http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ doi:10.29379/jedem.v17i3.996 Virtual organizations are crucial in improving e-government effectiveness by streamlining processes, enhancing coordination, and promoting transparency. This study explores how virtual organizations can be optimized within SP4N-LAPOR!, Indonesia’s public service complaint management system. Using a qualitative approach and secondary data analysis, it identifies key challenges, including coordination inefficiencies, technological gaps, resistance to change, and cybersecurity risks. Key findings show that SP4N-LAPOR! has significantly improved interagency collaboration, accelerated complaint resolution, and increased transparency in public service delivery. The study emphasizes the importance of strengthening ICT infrastructure, improving system interoperability, equipping employees with digital skills, and implementing robust cybersecurity measures. It also highlights that adopting technologies such as AI and blockchain can enhance scalability and accountability. The practical implications include the need for adaptive governance frameworks, targeted capacity-building initiatives, and inclusive citizen engagement strategies to sustain digital transformation. Overall, the study provides actionable insights for policymakers seeking to improve e-government systems through virtual organizational models. Digital governance E-government Public service innovation SP4N-LAPOR! Virtual organizations Aris Sarjito Testo Articolo di rivista 2025-09-17 eng application/pdf Text journal article Leveraging virtual organizations for e-government effectiveness: A case study of Indonesia’s SP4N-LAPOR! program https://door.donau-uni.ac.at/o:5966