https://door.donau-uni.ac.at/o:5465 Reviving Malay Traditional Black Ink: Historical Recipes, Characteristics, and Reconstruction Razak, Rajabi Abdul Rajabi Abdul Razak 0000-0002-3880-8481 International Islamic University Malaysia Barkeshli, Mandana Mandana Barkeshli 0000-0001-5083-4562 UCSI University journal article eng Malay traditional black ink, widely used in historical manuscripts, exemplifies durability, perma nence, and a composition based on natural, locally sourced materials. This study reconstructs a historical recipe using indigenous ingredients such as soot, mangosteen charcoal, and cashew gum. The formulation process involved experimental procedures including soot combustion, gum extraction, and the incorporation of additives like black pepper and salt. Testing the ink’s properties through scientific analysis—alongside accelerated ageing and light exposure experi ments—demonstrated its strong colour stability, resistance to fading, and consistent penetration into paper substrates. Compared to several commercially available inks, the traditional formula tion displayed favourable performance in terms of durability and environmental compatibility. Feedback from professional calligraphers confirmed the ink’s practicality, with minor adjustments suggested to improve flowability and drying time. The findings highlight the cultural and material significance of Malay traditional black ink and contribute to the preservation of historical knowl edge on ink preparation techniques in the Malay region. ‘Malay traditional black ink Manuscript production Historical ink recipes Ink formulation Cultural heritage preservation http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ https://door.donau-uni.ac.at/api/object/o:5465/download 10.48341/dd5j-g998 https://door.donau-uni.ac.at/o:996 application/pdf Conservation Update Conservation Update 13 1 2.91 MB 2025-05-02