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            <author>Ernst Krenek</author>
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                     <title xml:lang="en">The new dimensions of music</title>
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            <head facs="#facs_1_region_1692191723258_44">
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_4" n="N001"/>The New Dimensions of Music
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_6" n="N002"/>By <persName ref="gnd-118566636">Ernst Krenek</persName></head>
         </div>
         <div>
            <head facs="#facs_1_region_1692191731502_47">
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_3" n="N001"/><placeName ref="geo-5809844">Seattle</placeName>
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_5" n="N002"/><persName ref="gnd-118629786">Webern</persName> Festival</head>
         </div>
         <div>
            <head facs="#facs_1_r">
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_7" n="N001"/>[Editor's Summary:]</head>
            <p facs="#facs_1_TextRegion_1701184985090_369">
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_8" n="N001"/>Of <persName ref="gnd-118566636">Mr. Krenek's</persName> second lecture only a summary can be offered
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_9" n="N002"/>because frequent reference to musical examples and extended demonstrations
               <lb facs="#facs_1_line_1701184985136_372" n="N003"/>at the blackboard make a <hi style="text-decoration: underline;">verbatim</hi> transcript impracticable.</p>
            <p facs="#facs_1_TextRegion_1701184985090_368">
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_11" n="N001"/>It was pointed out that recent music, insofar as its composers
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_12" n="N002"/>looked to <persName ref="gnd-118629786">Webern</persName> as their source of inspiration or point of reference,
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_13" n="N003"/>developed in two seemingly contradictory directions: On the one hand,
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_14" n="N004"/>toward complete determination of all aspects (parameters) of the musical
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_15" n="N005"/>process through serial organization; and, on the other hand, toward
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_16" n="N006"/>relinquishing any kind of organization and subordinating the musical
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_17" n="N007"/>process to chance.</p>
            <p facs="#facs_1_r_1083">
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_2_tl_18" n="N001"/>The motivations prompting serial integration were examined.
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_1" n="N002"/>It was suggested that some composers (especially those who had adopted
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_2" n="N003"/>the twelve-tone technique around <date  when="1930"  >1930</date>) followed an experimental urge:
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_3" n="N004"/>to see what would happen if the basic principle of dodecaphony were
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_4" n="N005"/>extended over the whole musical process, while others (especially the
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_5" n="N006"/>younger ones) employed serial predetermination because it helped them
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_6" n="N007"/>in getting away from the concepts of thematic relationship, development,
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_7" n="N008"/>and coherent structure, which had still dominated twelve-tone music of
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_8" n="N009"/>the <persName ref="gnd-118610023">Schoenbergian</persName> type.</p>
            <p facs="#facs_1_r_1084">
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_9" n="N001"/>Serial organization of the dimension of time was said to be the
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_10" n="N002"/>most consequential step in the establishment of modern serialism.
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_11" n="N003"/>Since the philosophy of the movement demands a maximum of unity,
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_12" n="N004"/>all serial statements should be derived from one single source.
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_13" n="N005"/>It is logical that this source is the freely chosen twelve-tone row.
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_14" n="N006"/>The intervals between its consecutive tones furnish the numerical
               <lb facs="#facs_1_tr_1_tl_15" n="N007"/>magnitudes to be used in determining measurements and proportions</p>
         </div>
         <div>
            <pb facs="#facs_2" n="2" xml:id="img_0002"/>
            <head facs="#facs_2_r_829">
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_1" n="N001"/>207</head>
            <head facs="#facs_2_r_824">
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_2" n="N001"/><persName ref="gnd-118566636">Krenek</persName> II -- 2</head>
            <p facs="#facs_2_TextRegion_1701185078144_393">
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_3" n="N001"/>regulating the various parameters, especially that of time.</p>
            <p facs="#facs_2_TextRegion_1701185078144_392">
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_4" n="N001"/><persName ref="gnd-118618350">Karlheinz Stockhausen's</persName> method of deriving time values from
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_5" n="N002"/>the vibration ratios of a tone-row was explained and illustrated
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_6" n="N003"/>by examples from his <hi style="text-decoration: underline;"><name ref="gnd-300322445" type="musical_composition">Zeitmasse</name></hi>. <persName ref="gnd-118566636">Mr. Krenek</persName> then discussed the
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_7" n="N004"/>principle of rotation (i.e., systematic and serially determined
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_8" n="N005"/>progressive switching of tones within the chosen row), which he had
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_9" n="N006"/>applied for the first time in his <name ref="gnd-300792042" type="musical_composition"><hi style="text-decoration: underline;">Lamentatio</hi> <hi style="text-decoration: underline;">Jeremiae</hi> <hi style="text-decoration: underline;">Prophetae</hi></name> (<date  when="1940"  >1940</date>).
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_10" n="N007"/>This principle turned out to be of paramount <del><unclear>importance</unclear></del> significance
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_11" n="N008"/>in serial music because the continuous combination of constant
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_12" n="N009"/>(invariant) elements with systematically (serially) varying elements
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_1_tl_13" n="N010"/>produces the desirable degree of unpredictability.</p>
            <p facs="#facs_2_r_839">
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_2_tl_1" n="N001"/>This was illustrated by a brief analysis of <persName ref="gnd-118566636">Mr. Krenek's</persName>
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_2_tl_2" n="N002"/><hi style="text-decoration: underline;"><name ref="gnd-1081403691" type="musical_composition">Sestina</name></hi> (<date  when="1957"  >1957</date>) and musical examples from this work. Here the time
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_2_tl_3" n="N003"/>values are derived from the tone-row by referring to the numbers of
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_2_tl_4" n="N004"/>half-tone steps emcompassed by the intervals of the row. The formula
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_2_tl_5" n="N005"/>of rotation governing the poetic structure of the <name ref="gnd-1081403691" type="musical_composition">Sestina</name> is
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_2_tl_6" n="N006"/>consistently applied to the various forms of the tone-row as well as
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_2_tl_7" n="N007"/>to the serial arrangements of time values, articulations, dynamics,
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_2_tl_8" n="N008"/>speed levels, etc.</p>
            <p facs="#facs_2_r_840">
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_2_tl_9" n="N001"/><persName ref="gnd-118566636">Mr. Krenek</persName> concluded his <del><unclear>remarks</unclear></del> address with remarks on the
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_2_tl_10" n="N002"/>extreme cases of musical indeterminacy, as exemplified in the
               <lb facs="#facs_2_tr_2_tl_11" n="N003"/>manifestations of <persName ref="118518291">John Cage</persName> and his associates.</p>
         </div>
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